package org.cpsolver.studentsct.online;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeSet;

import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
import org.cpsolver.ifs.assignment.Assignment;
import org.cpsolver.ifs.assignment.AssignmentMap;
import org.cpsolver.ifs.assignment.DefaultSingleAssignment;
import org.cpsolver.ifs.solver.Solver;
import org.cpsolver.ifs.util.DataProperties;
import org.cpsolver.ifs.util.DistanceMetric;
import org.cpsolver.ifs.util.JProf;
import org.cpsolver.ifs.util.ToolBox;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.StudentPreferencePenalties;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.StudentSectioningModel;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.StudentSectioningXMLLoader;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.StudentSectioningXMLSaver;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.constraint.LinkedSections;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.extension.DistanceConflict;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.extension.StudentQuality;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.extension.TimeOverlapsCounter;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.heuristics.selection.BranchBoundSelection.BranchBoundNeighbour;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.heuristics.studentord.StudentChoiceOrder;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.model.Config;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.model.Course;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.model.CourseRequest;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.model.Enrollment;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.model.FreeTimeRequest;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.model.Offering;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.model.Request;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.model.Section;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.model.Student;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.model.Subpart;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.online.expectations.AvoidUnbalancedWhenNoExpectations;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.online.expectations.FractionallyOverExpected;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.online.expectations.FractionallyUnbalancedWhenNoExpectations;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.online.expectations.PercentageOverExpected;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.online.selection.MultiCriteriaBranchAndBoundSelection;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.online.selection.MultiCriteriaBranchAndBoundSuggestions;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.online.selection.OnlineSectioningSelection;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.online.selection.StudentSchedulingAssistantWeights;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.online.selection.SuggestionSelection;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.online.selection.SuggestionsBranchAndBound;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.reservation.CourseReservation;
import org.cpsolver.studentsct.reservation.Reservation;

/**
 * An online student sectioning test. It loads the given problem (passed as the only argument) with no assignments. It sections all
 * students in the given order (given by -Dsort parameter, values shuffle, choice, reverse). Multiple threads can be used to section
 * students in parallel (given by -DnrConcurrent parameter). If parameter -Dsuggestions is set to true, the test also asks for suggestions
 * for each of the assigned class, preferring mid-day times. Over-expected criterion can be defined by the -Doverexp parameter (see the
 * examples bellow). Multi-criteria selection can be enabled by -DStudentWeights.MultiCriteria=true and equal weighting can be set by
 * -DStudentWeights.PriorityWeighting=equal).
 * 
 * <br><br>
 * Usage:<ul>
 *      java -Xmx1g -cp studentsct-1.3.jar [parameters] org.cpsolver.studentsct.online.Test data/pu-sect-fal07.xml<br>
 * </ul>
 * Parameters:<ul>
 *      <li>-Dsort=shuffle|choice|reverse ... for taking students in random order, more choices first, or more choices last (defaults to shuffle)
 *      <li>-DnrConcurrent=N ... for the number of threads (concurrent computations of student schedules, defaults to 10)
 *      <li>-Dsuggestions=true|false ... true to use suggestions (to simulate students preferring mid-day, defaults to false)
 *      <li>-Doverexp=<i>x<sub>over</sub></i>|b<i>x<sub>over</sub></i>-<i>x<sub>disb</sub></i>%|<i>x<sub>over</sub></i>-<i>x<sub>max</sub></i>|b<i>x<sub>over</sub></i>-<i>x<sub>max</sub></i>-<i>x<sub>disb</sub></i>% for over-expected criterion, examples:<ul>
 *              <li>1.1 ... {@link PercentageOverExpected} with OverExpected.Percentage set to 1.1 (<i>x<sub>over</sub></i>)
 *              <li>b1-10 ... {@link AvoidUnbalancedWhenNoExpectations} with OverExpected.Percentage set to 1 and General.BalanceUnlimited set to 10/100 (<i>x<sub>disb</sub></i>%)
 *              <li>0.85-5 ... {@link FractionallyOverExpected} with OverExpected.Percentage set to 0.85 and OverExpected.Maximum set to 5 (<i>x<sub>max</sub></i>)
 *              <li>1.1-5-1 ... {@link FractionallyUnbalancedWhenNoExpectations} with OverExpected.Percentage set to 1.1, General.BalanceUnlimited set to 5/100, and OverExpected.Maximum set to 1
 *      </ul>
 *      <li>-DStudentWeights.PriorityWeighting=priority|equal ... priority or equal weighting (defaults to priority)
 *      <li>-DStudentWeights.MultiCriteria=true|false ... true for multi-criteria (lexicographic ordering), false for a weighted sum (default to true)
 *      <li>-DNeighbour.BranchAndBoundTimeout=M ... time limit for each student in milliseconds (CPU time, defaults to 1000)
 * </ul>
 * 
 * @version StudentSct 1.3 (Student Sectioning)<br>
 *          Copyright (C) 2014 Tomáš Müller<br>
 *          <a href="mailto:muller@unitime.org">muller@unitime.org</a><br>
 *          <a href="http://muller.unitime.org">http://muller.unitime.org</a><br>
 * <br>
 *          This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *          it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
 *          published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the
 *          License, or (at your option) any later version. <br>
 * <br>
 *          This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 *          WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *          MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
 *          Lesser General Public License for more details. <br>
 * <br>
 *          You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 *          License along with this library; if not see <a href='http://www.gnu.org/licenses'>http://www.gnu.org/licenses</a>.
 * 
 */
public class Test {
    public static DecimalFormat sDF = new DecimalFormat("0.00000");
    public static Logger sLog = org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager.getLogger(Test.class);

    private OnlineSectioningModel iModel;
    private Assignment<Request, Enrollment> iAssignment;
    private boolean iSuggestions = false;

    private Map<String, Counter> iCounters = new HashMap<String, Counter>();

    public Test(DataProperties config) {
        iModel = new TestModel(config);
        iModel.setDistanceConflict(new DistanceConflict(new DistanceMetric(iModel.getProperties()), iModel.getProperties()));
        iModel.getDistanceConflict().register(iModel);
        iModel.getDistanceConflict().setAssignmentContextReference(iModel.createReference(iModel.getDistanceConflict()));
        iModel.setTimeOverlaps(new TimeOverlapsCounter(null, iModel.getProperties()));
        iModel.getTimeOverlaps().register(iModel);
        iModel.getTimeOverlaps().setAssignmentContextReference(iModel.createReference(iModel.getTimeOverlaps()));
        iModel.setStudentQuality(new StudentQuality(new DistanceMetric(iModel.getProperties()), iModel.getProperties()));
        iModel.getStudentQuality().register(iModel);
        iModel.getStudentQuality().setAssignmentContextReference(iModel.createReference(iModel.getStudentQuality()));
        iModel.setStudentWeights(new StudentSchedulingAssistantWeights(iModel.getProperties()));
        iAssignment = new DefaultSingleAssignment<Request, Enrollment>();
        iSuggestions = "true".equals(System.getProperty("suggestions", iSuggestions ? "true" : "false"));

        String overexp = System.getProperty("overexp");
        if (overexp != null) {
            boolean bal = false;
            if (overexp.startsWith("b")) {
                bal = true;
                overexp = overexp.substring(1);
            }
            String[] x = overexp.split("[/\\-]");
            if (x.length == 1) {
                iModel.setOverExpectedCriterion(new PercentageOverExpected(Double.valueOf(x[0])));
            } else if (x.length == 2) {
                iModel.setOverExpectedCriterion(bal ? new AvoidUnbalancedWhenNoExpectations(Double.valueOf(x[0]), Double.valueOf(x[1]) / 100.0) :
                    new FractionallyOverExpected(Double.valueOf(x[0]), Double.valueOf(x[1])));
            } else {
                iModel.setOverExpectedCriterion(new FractionallyUnbalancedWhenNoExpectations(Double.valueOf(x[0]),
                        Double.valueOf(x[1]), Double.valueOf(x[2]) / 100.0));
            }
        }

        sLog.info("Using " + (config.getPropertyBoolean("StudentWeights.MultiCriteria", true) ? "multi-criteria " : "")
                + (config.getPropertyBoolean("StudentWeights.PriorityWeighting", true) ? "priority" : "equal")
                + " weighting model" + " with over-expected " + iModel.getOverExpectedCriterion()
                + (iSuggestions ? ", suggestions" : "") + ", " + System.getProperty("sort", "shuffle") + " order"
                + " and " + config.getPropertyInt("Neighbour.BranchAndBoundTimeout", 1000) + " ms time limit.");
    }

    public OnlineSectioningModel model() {
        return iModel;
    }

    public Assignment<Request, Enrollment> assignment() {
        return iAssignment;
    }

    public void inc(String name, double value) {
        synchronized (iCounters) {
            Counter c = iCounters.get(name);
            if (c == null) {
                c = new Counter();
                iCounters.put(name, c);
            }
            c.inc(value);
        }
    }

    public void inc(String name) {
        inc(name, 1.0);
    }

    public Counter get(String name) {
        synchronized (iCounters) {
            Counter c = iCounters.get(name);
            if (c == null) {
                c = new Counter();
                iCounters.put(name, c);
            }
            return c;
        }
    }

    public double getPercDisbalancedSections(Assignment<Request, Enrollment> assignment, double perc) {
        boolean balanceUnlimited = model().getProperties().getPropertyBoolean("General.BalanceUnlimited", false);
        double disb10Sections = 0, nrSections = 0;
        for (Offering offering : model().getOfferings()) {
            for (Config config : offering.getConfigs()) {
                double enrl = config.getEnrollmentTotalWeight(assignment, null);
                for (Subpart subpart : config.getSubparts()) {
                    if (subpart.getSections().size() <= 1)
                        continue;
                    nrSections += subpart.getSections().size();
                    if (subpart.getLimit() > 0) {
                        // sections have limits -> desired size is section limit
                        // x (total enrollment / total limit)
                        double ratio = enrl / subpart.getLimit();
                        for (Section section : subpart.getSections()) {
                            double desired = ratio * section.getLimit();
                            if (Math.abs(desired - section.getEnrollmentTotalWeight(assignment, null)) >= Math.max(1.0, perc * section.getLimit()))
                                disb10Sections++;
                        }
                    } else if (balanceUnlimited) {
                        // unlimited sections -> desired size is total
                        // enrollment / number of sections
                        for (Section section : subpart.getSections()) {
                            double desired = enrl / subpart.getSections().size();
                            if (Math.abs(desired - section.getEnrollmentTotalWeight(assignment, null)) >= Math.max(1.0, perc * desired))
                                disb10Sections++;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return 100.0 * disb10Sections / nrSections;
    }

    protected Course clone(Course course, long studentId, Student originalStudent, Map<Long, Section> classTable, StudentSectioningModel model) {
        Offering clonedOffering = new Offering(course.getOffering().getId(), course.getOffering().getName());
        clonedOffering.setModel(model);
        int courseLimit = course.getLimit();
        if (courseLimit >= 0) {
            courseLimit -= course.getEnrollments(assignment()).size();
            if (courseLimit < 0)
                courseLimit = 0;
            for (Iterator<Enrollment> i = course.getEnrollments(assignment()).iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
                Enrollment enrollment = i.next();
                if (enrollment.getStudent().getId() == studentId) {
                    courseLimit++;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        Course clonedCourse = new Course(course.getId(), course.getSubjectArea(), course.getCourseNumber(),
                clonedOffering, courseLimit, course.getProjected());
        clonedCourse.setNote(course.getNote());
        Hashtable<Config, Config> configs = new Hashtable<Config, Config>();
        Hashtable<Subpart, Subpart> subparts = new Hashtable<Subpart, Subpart>();
        Hashtable<Section, Section> sections = new Hashtable<Section, Section>();
        for (Iterator<Config> e = course.getOffering().getConfigs().iterator(); e.hasNext();) {
            Config config = e.next();
            int configLimit = config.getLimit();
            int configEnrollment = config.getEnrollments(assignment()).size();
            if (configLimit >= 0) {
                configLimit -= config.getEnrollments(assignment()).size();
                if (configLimit < 0)
                    configLimit = 0;
                for (Iterator<Enrollment> i = config.getEnrollments(assignment()).iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
                    Enrollment enrollment = i.next();
                    if (enrollment.getStudent().getId() == studentId) {
                        configLimit++;
                        configEnrollment--;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            OnlineConfig clonedConfig = new OnlineConfig(config.getId(), configLimit, config.getName(), clonedOffering);
            clonedConfig.setInstructionalMethodId(config.getInstructionalMethodId());
            clonedConfig.setInstructionalMethodName(config.getInstructionalMethodName());
            clonedConfig.setInstructionalMethodReference(config.getInstructionalMethodReference());
            clonedConfig.setEnrollment(configEnrollment);
            configs.put(config, clonedConfig);
            for (Iterator<Subpart> f = config.getSubparts().iterator(); f.hasNext();) {
                Subpart subpart = f.next();
                Subpart clonedSubpart = new Subpart(subpart.getId(), subpart.getInstructionalType(), subpart.getName(),
                        clonedConfig, (subpart.getParent() == null ? null : subparts.get(subpart.getParent())));
                clonedSubpart.setAllowOverlap(subpart.isAllowOverlap());
                clonedSubpart.setCredit(subpart.getCredit());
                subparts.put(subpart, clonedSubpart);
                for (Iterator<Section> g = subpart.getSections().iterator(); g.hasNext();) {
                    Section section = g.next();
                    int limit = section.getLimit();
                    int enrl = section.getEnrollments(assignment()).size();
                    if (limit >= 0) {
                        // limited section, deduct enrollments
                        limit -= section.getEnrollments(assignment()).size();
                        if (limit < 0)
                            limit = 0; // over-enrolled, but not unlimited
                        if (studentId >= 0)
                            for (Enrollment enrollment : section.getEnrollments(assignment()))
                                if (enrollment.getStudent().getId() == studentId) {
                                    limit++;
                                    enrl--;
                                    break;
                                }
                    }
                    OnlineSection clonedSection = new OnlineSection(section.getId(), limit,
                            section.getName(course .getId()), clonedSubpart, section.getPlacement(), section.getInstructors(), (section.getParent() == null ? null : sections.get(section.getParent())));
                    clonedSection.setName(-1l, section.getName(-1l));
                    clonedSection.setNote(section.getNote());
                    clonedSection.setSpaceExpected(section.getSpaceExpected());
                    clonedSection.setSpaceHeld(section.getSpaceHeld());
                    clonedSection.setEnrollment(enrl);
                    clonedSection.setCancelled(section.isCancelled());
                    clonedSection.setEnabled(section.isEnabled());
                    clonedSection.setOnline(section.isOnline());
                    if (section.getIgnoreConflictWithSectionIds() != null)
                        for (Long id : section.getIgnoreConflictWithSectionIds())
                            clonedSection.addIgnoreConflictWith(id);
                    if (limit > 0) {
                        double available = Math.round(section.getSpaceExpected() - limit);
                        clonedSection.setPenalty(available / section.getLimit());
                    }
                    sections.put(section, clonedSection);
                    classTable.put(section.getId(), clonedSection);
                }
            }
        }
        if (course.getOffering().hasReservations()) {
            for (Reservation reservation : course.getOffering().getReservations()) {
                int reservationLimit = (int) Math.round(reservation.getLimit());
                if (reservationLimit >= 0) {
                    reservationLimit -= reservation.getEnrollments(assignment()).size();
                    if (reservationLimit < 0)
                        reservationLimit = 0;
                    for (Iterator<Enrollment> i = reservation.getEnrollments(assignment()).iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
                        Enrollment enrollment = i.next();
                        if (enrollment.getStudent().getId() == studentId) {
                            reservationLimit++;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    if (reservationLimit <= 0 && !reservation.mustBeUsed())
                        continue;
                }
                boolean applicable = originalStudent != null && reservation.isApplicable(originalStudent);
                if (reservation instanceof CourseReservation)
                    applicable = (course.getId() == ((CourseReservation) reservation).getCourse().getId());
                if (reservation instanceof org.cpsolver.studentsct.reservation.DummyReservation) {
                    // Ignore by reservation only flag (dummy reservation) when
                    // the student is already enrolled in the course
                    for (Enrollment enrollment : course.getEnrollments(assignment()))
                        if (enrollment.getStudent().getId() == studentId) {
                            applicable = true;
                            break;
                        }
                }
                Reservation clonedReservation = new OnlineReservation(0, reservation.getId(), clonedOffering,
                        reservation.getPriority(), reservation.canAssignOverLimit(), reservationLimit, applicable,
                        reservation.mustBeUsed(), reservation.isAllowOverlap(), reservation.isExpired());
                for (Config config : reservation.getConfigs())
                    clonedReservation.addConfig(configs.get(config));
                for (Map.Entry<Subpart, Set<Section>> entry : reservation.getSections().entrySet()) {
                    Set<Section> clonedSections = new HashSet<Section>();
                    for (Section section : entry.getValue())
                        clonedSections.add(sections.get(section));
                    clonedReservation.getSections().put(subparts.get(entry.getKey()), clonedSections);
                }
            }
        }
        return clonedCourse;
    }

    protected Request addRequest(Student student, Student original, Request request, Map<Long, Section> classTable,
            StudentSectioningModel model) {
        if (request instanceof FreeTimeRequest) {
            return new FreeTimeRequest(student.getRequests().size() + 1, student.getRequests().size(),
                    request.isAlternative(), student, ((FreeTimeRequest) request).getTime());
        } else if (request instanceof CourseRequest) {
            List<Course> courses = new ArrayList<Course>();
            for (Course course : ((CourseRequest) request).getCourses())
                courses.add(clone(course, student.getId(), original, classTable, model));
            CourseRequest clonnedRequest = new CourseRequest(student.getRequests().size() + 1, student.getRequests().size(),
                    request.isAlternative(), student, courses, ((CourseRequest) request).isWaitlist(), request.getRequestPriority(), null);
            for (Request originalRequest : original.getRequests()) {
                Enrollment originalEnrollment = assignment().getValue(originalRequest);
                for (Course clonnedCourse : clonnedRequest.getCourses()) {
                    if (!clonnedCourse.getOffering().hasReservations())
                        continue;
                    if (originalEnrollment != null && clonnedCourse.equals(originalEnrollment.getCourse())) {
                        boolean needReservation = clonnedCourse.getOffering().getUnreservedSpace(assignment(), clonnedRequest) < 1.0;
                        if (!needReservation) {
                            boolean configChecked = false;
                            for (Section originalSection : originalEnrollment.getSections()) {
                                Section clonnedSection = classTable.get(originalSection.getId());
                                if (clonnedSection.getUnreservedSpace(assignment(), clonnedRequest) < 1.0) {
                                    needReservation = true;
                                    break;
                                }
                                if (!configChecked
                                        && clonnedSection.getSubpart().getConfig()
                                                .getUnreservedSpace(assignment(), clonnedRequest) < 1.0) {
                                    needReservation = true;
                                    break;
                                }
                                configChecked = true;
                            }
                        }
                        if (needReservation) {
                            Reservation reservation = new OnlineReservation(0, -original.getId(),
                                    clonnedCourse.getOffering(), 5, false, 1, true, false, false, true);
                            for (Section originalSection : originalEnrollment.getSections())
                                reservation.addSection(classTable.get(originalSection.getId()));
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            return clonnedRequest;
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    public boolean section(Student original) {
        OnlineSectioningModel model = new TestModel(iModel.getProperties());
        model.setOverExpectedCriterion(iModel.getOverExpectedCriterion());
        Student student = new Student(original.getId());
        Hashtable<CourseRequest, Set<Section>> preferredSectionsForCourse = new Hashtable<CourseRequest, Set<Section>>();
        Map<Long, Section> classTable = new HashMap<Long, Section>();

        synchronized (iModel) {
            for (Request request : original.getRequests()) {
                Request clonnedRequest = addRequest(student, original, request, classTable, model);
                Enrollment enrollment = assignment().getValue(request);
                if (enrollment != null && enrollment.isCourseRequest()) {
                    Set<Section> sections = new HashSet<Section>();
                    for (Section section : enrollment.getSections())
                        sections.add(classTable.get(section.getId()));
                    preferredSectionsForCourse.put((CourseRequest) clonnedRequest, sections);
                }
            }
        }

        model.addStudent(student);
        model.setDistanceConflict(new DistanceConflict(iModel.getDistanceConflict().getDistanceMetric(), model.getProperties()));
        model.setTimeOverlaps(new TimeOverlapsCounter(null, model.getProperties()));
        for (LinkedSections link : iModel.getLinkedSections()) {
            List<Section> sections = new ArrayList<Section>();
            for (Offering offering : link.getOfferings())
                for (Subpart subpart : link.getSubparts(offering))
                    for (Section section : link.getSections(subpart)) {
                        Section x = classTable.get(section.getId());
                        if (x != null)
                            sections.add(x);
                    }
            if (sections.size() >= 2)
                model.addLinkedSections(link.isMustBeUsed(), sections);
        }
        OnlineSectioningSelection selection = null;
        if (model.getProperties().getPropertyBoolean("StudentWeights.MultiCriteria", true)) {
            selection = new MultiCriteriaBranchAndBoundSelection(iModel.getProperties());
        } else {
            selection = new SuggestionSelection(model.getProperties());
        }

        selection.setModel(model);
        selection.setPreferredSections(preferredSectionsForCourse);
        selection.setRequiredSections(new Hashtable<CourseRequest, Set<Section>>());
        selection.setRequiredFreeTimes(new HashSet<FreeTimeRequest>());

        long t0 = JProf.currentTimeMillis();
        Assignment<Request, Enrollment> newAssignment = new AssignmentMap<Request, Enrollment>();
        BranchBoundNeighbour neighbour = selection.select(newAssignment, student);
        long time = JProf.currentTimeMillis() - t0;
        inc("[C] CPU Time", time);
        if (neighbour == null) {
            inc("[F] Failure");
        } else {
            if (iSuggestions) {
                StudentPreferencePenalties penalties = new StudentPreferencePenalties(StudentPreferencePenalties.sDistTypePreference);
                double maxOverExpected = 0;
                int assigned = 0;
                double penalty = 0.0;
                Hashtable<CourseRequest, Set<Section>> enrollments = new Hashtable<CourseRequest, Set<Section>>();
                List<RequestSectionPair> pairs = new ArrayList<RequestSectionPair>();

                for (int i = 0; i < neighbour.getAssignment().length; i++) {
                    Enrollment enrl = neighbour.getAssignment()[i];
                    if (enrl != null && enrl.isCourseRequest() && enrl.getAssignments() != null) {
                        assigned++;
                        for (Section section : enrl.getSections()) {
                            maxOverExpected += model.getOverExpected(newAssignment, section, enrl.getRequest());
                            pairs.add(new RequestSectionPair(enrl.variable(), section));
                        }
                        enrollments.put((CourseRequest) enrl.variable(), enrl.getSections());
                        penalty += penalties.getPenalty(enrl);
                    }
                }
                penalty /= assigned;
                inc("[S] Initial Penalty", penalty);
                double nrSuggestions = 0.0, nrAccepted = 0.0, totalSuggestions = 0.0, nrTries = 0.0;
                for (int i = 0; i < pairs.size(); i++) {
                    RequestSectionPair pair = pairs.get(i);
                    SuggestionsBranchAndBound suggestionBaB = null;
                    if (model.getProperties().getPropertyBoolean("StudentWeights.MultiCriteria", true)) {
                        suggestionBaB = new MultiCriteriaBranchAndBoundSuggestions(model.getProperties(), student,
                                newAssignment, new Hashtable<CourseRequest, Set<Section>>(),
                                new HashSet<FreeTimeRequest>(), enrollments, pair.getRequest(), pair.getSection(),
                                null, maxOverExpected, iModel.getProperties().getPropertyBoolean(
                                        "StudentWeights.PriorityWeighting", true));
                    } else {
                        suggestionBaB = new SuggestionsBranchAndBound(model.getProperties(), student, newAssignment,
                                new Hashtable<CourseRequest, Set<Section>>(), new HashSet<FreeTimeRequest>(),
                                enrollments, pair.getRequest(), pair.getSection(), null, maxOverExpected);
                    }

                    long x0 = JProf.currentTimeMillis();
                    TreeSet<SuggestionsBranchAndBound.Suggestion> suggestions = suggestionBaB.computeSuggestions();
                    inc("[S] Suggestion CPU Time", JProf.currentTimeMillis() - x0);
                    totalSuggestions += suggestions.size();
                    if (!suggestions.isEmpty())
                        nrSuggestions += 1.0;
                    nrTries += 1.0;

                    SuggestionsBranchAndBound.Suggestion best = null;
                    for (SuggestionsBranchAndBound.Suggestion suggestion : suggestions) {
                        int a = 0;
                        double p = 0.0;
                        for (int j = 0; j < suggestion.getEnrollments().length; j++) {
                            Enrollment e = suggestion.getEnrollments()[j];
                            if (e != null && e.isCourseRequest() && e.getAssignments() != null) {
                                p += penalties.getPenalty(e);
                                a++;
                            }
                        }
                        p /= a;
                        if (a > assigned || (assigned == a && p < penalty)) {
                            best = suggestion;
                        }
                    }
                    if (best != null) {
                        nrAccepted += 1.0;
                        Enrollment[] e = best.getEnrollments();
                        for (int j = 0; j < e.length; j++)
                            if (e[j] != null && e[j].getAssignments() == null)
                                e[j] = null;
                        neighbour = new BranchBoundNeighbour(student, best.getValue(), e);
                        assigned = 0;
                        penalty = 0.0;
                        enrollments.clear();
                        pairs.clear();
                        for (int j = 0; j < neighbour.getAssignment().length; j++) {
                            Enrollment enrl = neighbour.getAssignment()[j];
                            if (enrl != null && enrl.isCourseRequest() && enrl.getAssignments() != null) {
                                assigned++;
                                for (Section section : enrl.getSections())
                                    pairs.add(new RequestSectionPair(enrl.variable(), section));
                                enrollments.put((CourseRequest) enrl.variable(), enrl.getSections());
                                penalty += penalties.getPenalty(enrl);
                            }
                        }
                        penalty /= assigned;
                        inc("[S] Improved Penalty", penalty);
                    }
                }
                inc("[S] Final Penalty", penalty);
                if (nrSuggestions > 0) {
                    inc("[S] Classes with suggestion", nrSuggestions);
                    inc("[S] Avg. # of suggestions", totalSuggestions / nrSuggestions);
                    inc("[S] Suggestion acceptance rate [%]", nrAccepted / nrSuggestions);
                } else {
                    inc("[S] Student with no suggestions available", 1.0);
                }
                if (!pairs.isEmpty())
                    inc("[S] Probability that a class has suggestions [%]", nrSuggestions / nrTries);
            }

            List<Enrollment> enrollments = new ArrayList<Enrollment>();
            i: for (int i = 0; i < neighbour.getAssignment().length; i++) {
                Request request = original.getRequests().get(i);
                Enrollment clonnedEnrollment = neighbour.getAssignment()[i];
                if (clonnedEnrollment != null && clonnedEnrollment.getAssignments() != null) {
                    if (request instanceof FreeTimeRequest) {
                        enrollments.add(((FreeTimeRequest) request).createEnrollment());
                    } else {
                        for (Course course : ((CourseRequest) request).getCourses())
                            if (course.getId() == clonnedEnrollment.getCourse().getId())
                                for (Config config : course.getOffering().getConfigs())
                                    if (config.getId() == clonnedEnrollment.getConfig().getId()) {
                                        Set<Section> assignments = new HashSet<Section>();
                                        for (Subpart subpart : config.getSubparts())
                                            for (Section section : subpart.getSections()) {
                                                if (clonnedEnrollment.getSections().contains(section)) {
                                                    assignments.add(section);
                                                }
                                            }
                                        Reservation reservation = null;
                                        if (clonnedEnrollment.getReservation() != null) {
                                            for (Reservation r : course.getOffering().getReservations())
                                                if (r.getId() == clonnedEnrollment.getReservation().getId()) {
                                                    reservation = r;
                                                    break;
                                                }
                                        }
                                        enrollments.add(new Enrollment(request, clonnedEnrollment.getPriority(),
                                                course, config, assignments, reservation));
                                        continue i;
                                    }
                    }
                }
            }
            synchronized (iModel) {
                for (Request r : original.getRequests()) {
                    Enrollment e = assignment().getValue(r);
                    r.setInitialAssignment(e);
                    if (e != null)
                        updateSpace(assignment(), e, true);
                }
                for (Request r : original.getRequests())
                    if (assignment().getValue(r) != null)
                        assignment().unassign(0, r);
                boolean fail = false;
                for (Enrollment enrl : enrollments) {
                    if (iModel.conflictValues(assignment(), enrl).isEmpty()) {
                        assignment().assign(0, enrl);
                    } else {
                        fail = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (fail) {
                    for (Request r : original.getRequests())
                        if (assignment().getValue(r) != null)
                            assignment().unassign(0, r);
                    for (Request r : original.getRequests())
                        if (r.getInitialAssignment() != null)
                            assignment().assign(0, r.getInitialAssignment());
                    for (Request r : original.getRequests())
                        if (assignment().getValue(r) != null)
                            updateSpace(assignment(), assignment().getValue(r), false);
                } else {
                    for (Enrollment enrl : enrollments)
                        updateSpace(assignment(), enrl, false);
                }
                if (fail)
                    return false;
            }
            neighbour.assign(newAssignment, 0);
            int a = 0, u = 0, np = 0, zp = 0, pp = 0, cp = 0;
            double over = 0;
            double p = 0.0;
            for (Request r : student.getRequests()) {
                if (r instanceof CourseRequest) {
                    Enrollment e = newAssignment.getValue(r);
                    if (e != null) {
                        for (Section s : e.getSections()) {
                            if (s.getPenalty() < 0.0)
                                np++;
                            if (s.getPenalty() == 0.0)
                                zp++;
                            if (s.getPenalty() > 0.0)
                                pp++;
                            if (s.getLimit() > 0) {
                                p += s.getPenalty();
                                cp++;
                            }
                            over += model.getOverExpected(newAssignment, s, r);
                        }
                        a++;
                    } else {
                        u++;
                    }
                }
            }
            inc("[A] Student");
            if (over > 0.0)
                inc("[O] Over", over);
            if (a > 0)
                inc("[A] Assigned", a);
            if (u > 0)
                inc("[A] Not Assigned", u);
            inc("[V] Value", neighbour.value(newAssignment));
            if (zp > 0)
                inc("[P] Zero penalty", zp);
            if (np > 0)
                inc("[P] Negative penalty", np);
            if (pp > 0)
                inc("[P] Positive penalty", pp);
            if (cp > 0)
                inc("[P] Average penalty", p / cp);
        }
        inc("[T0] Time <10ms", time < 10 ? 1 : 0);
        inc("[T1] Time <100ms", time < 100 ? 1 : 0);
        inc("[T2] Time <250ms", time < 250 ? 1 : 0);
        inc("[T3] Time <500ms", time < 500 ? 1 : 0);
        inc("[T4] Time <1s", time < 1000 ? 1 : 0);
        inc("[T5] Time >=1s", time >= 1000 ? 1 : 0);
        return true;
    }

    public static void updateSpace(Assignment<Request, Enrollment> assignment, Enrollment enrollment, boolean increment) {
        if (enrollment == null || !enrollment.isCourseRequest())
            return;
        for (Section section : enrollment.getSections())
            section.setSpaceHeld(section.getSpaceHeld() + (increment ? 1.0 : -1.0));
        List<Enrollment> feasibleEnrollments = new ArrayList<Enrollment>();
        int totalLimit = 0;
        for (Enrollment enrl : enrollment.getRequest().values(assignment)) {
            if (!enrl.getCourse().equals(enrollment.getCourse()))
                continue;
            boolean overlaps = false;
            for (Request otherRequest : enrollment.getRequest().getStudent().getRequests()) {
                if (otherRequest.equals(enrollment.getRequest()) || !(otherRequest instanceof CourseRequest))
                    continue;
                Enrollment otherErollment = assignment.getValue(otherRequest);
                if (otherErollment == null)
                    continue;
                if (enrl.isOverlapping(otherErollment)) {
                    overlaps = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (!overlaps) {
                feasibleEnrollments.add(enrl);
                if (totalLimit >= 0) {
                    int limit = enrl.getLimit();
                    if (limit < 0)
                        totalLimit = -1;
                    else
                        totalLimit += limit;
                }
            }
        }
        double change = enrollment.getRequest().getWeight()
                / (totalLimit > 0 ? totalLimit : feasibleEnrollments.size());
        for (Enrollment feasibleEnrollment : feasibleEnrollments)
            for (Section section : feasibleEnrollment.getSections()) {
                if (totalLimit > 0) {
                    section.setSpaceExpected(section.getSpaceExpected() + (increment ? +change : -change)
                            * feasibleEnrollment.getLimit());
                } else {
                    section.setSpaceExpected(section.getSpaceExpected() + (increment ? +change : -change));
                }
            }
    }

    public void run() {
        sLog.info("Input: " + ToolBox.dict2string(model().getExtendedInfo(assignment()), 2));

        List<Student> students = new ArrayList<Student>(model().getStudents());
        String sort = System.getProperty("sort", "shuffle");
        if ("shuffle".equals(sort)) {
            Collections.shuffle(students);
        } else if ("choice".equals(sort)) {
            StudentChoiceOrder ord = new StudentChoiceOrder(model().getProperties());
            ord.setReverse(false);
            Collections.sort(students, ord);
        } else if ("referse".equals(sort)) {
            StudentChoiceOrder ord = new StudentChoiceOrder(model().getProperties());
            ord.setReverse(true);
            Collections.sort(students, ord);
        }

        Iterator<Student> iterator = students.iterator();
        int nrThreads = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("nrConcurrent", "10"));
        List<Executor> executors = new ArrayList<Executor>();
        for (int i = 0; i < nrThreads; i++) {
            Executor executor = new Executor(iterator);
            executor.start();
            executors.add(executor);
        }

        long t0 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(60000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
            long time = System.currentTimeMillis() - t0;
            synchronized (iModel) {
                sLog.info("Progress [" + (time / 60000) + "m]: " + ToolBox.dict2string(model().getExtendedInfo(assignment()), 2));
            }
        }

        for (Executor executor : executors) {
            try {
                executor.join();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }

        sLog.info("Output: " + ToolBox.dict2string(model().getExtendedInfo(assignment()), 2));
        long time = System.currentTimeMillis() - t0;
        inc("[T] Run Time [m]", time / 60000.0);

    }

    public class Executor extends Thread {
        private Iterator<Student> iStudents = null;

        public Executor(Iterator<Student> students) {
            iStudents = students;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                for (;;) {
                    Student student = iStudents.next();
                    int attempt = 1;
                    while (!section(student)) {
                        sLog.warn(attempt + ". attempt failed for " + student.getId());
                        inc("[F] Failed attempt", attempt);
                        attempt++;
                        if (attempt == 101)
                            break;
                        if (attempt > 10) {
                            try {
                                Thread.sleep(ToolBox.random(100 * attempt));
                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if (attempt > 100)
                        inc("[F] Failed enrollment (all 100 attempts)");
                }
            } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
            }
        }

    }

    public class TestModel extends OnlineSectioningModel {
        public TestModel(DataProperties config) {
            super(config);
        }

        @Override
        public Map<String, String> getExtendedInfo(Assignment<Request, Enrollment> assignment) {
            Map<String, String> ret = super.getExtendedInfo(assignment);
            for (Map.Entry<String, Counter> e : iCounters.entrySet())
                ret.put(e.getKey(), e.getValue().toString());
            ret.put("Weighting model",
                    (model().getProperties().getPropertyBoolean("StudentWeights.MultiCriteria", true) ? "multi-criteria " : "") +
                    (model().getProperties().getPropertyBoolean("StudentWeights.PriorityWeighting", true) ? "priority" : "equal"));
            ret.put("B&B time limit", model().getProperties().getPropertyInt("Neighbour.BranchAndBoundTimeout", 1000) + " ms");
            if (iSuggestions) {
                ret.put("Suggestion time limit", model().getProperties().getPropertyInt("Suggestions.Timeout", 1000) + " ms");
            }
            return ret;
        }
    }

    private static class RequestSectionPair {
        private Request iRequest;
        private Section iSection;

        RequestSectionPair(Request request, Section section) {
            iRequest = request;
            iSection = section;
        }

        Request getRequest() {
            return iRequest;
        }

        Section getSection() {
            return iSection;
        }
    }

    private void stats(File input) throws IOException {
        File file = new File(input.getParentFile(), "stats.csv");
        DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("0.0000");
        boolean ex = file.exists();
        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(file, true));
        if (!ex) {
            pw.println("Input File,Run Time [m],Model,Sort,Over Expected,Not Assigned,Disb. Sections [%],Distance Confs.,Time Confs. [m],"
                    + "CPU Assignment [ms],Has Suggestions [%],Nbr Suggestions,Acceptance [%],CPU Suggestions [ms]");
        }
        pw.print(input.getName() + ",");
        pw.print(df.format(get("[T] Run Time [m]").sum()) + ",");
        pw.print(model().getProperties().getPropertyBoolean("StudentWeights.MultiCriteria", true) ? "multi-criteria " : "");
        pw.print(model().getProperties().getPropertyBoolean("StudentWeights.PriorityWeighting", true) ? "priority" : "equal");
        pw.print(iSuggestions ? " with suggestions" : "");
        pw.print(",");
        pw.print(System.getProperty("sort", "shuffle") + ",");
        pw.print("\"" + model().getOverExpectedCriterion() + "\",");

        pw.print(get("[A] Not Assigned").sum() + ",");
        pw.print(df.format(getPercDisbalancedSections(assignment(), 0.1)) + ",");
        if (model().getStudentQuality() != null) {
            pw.print(df.format(((double) model().getStudentQuality().getTotalPenalty(assignment(), StudentQuality.Type.Distance, StudentQuality.Type.ShortDistance)) / model().getStudents().size()) + ",");
            pw.print(df.format(5.0 * model().getStudentQuality().getTotalPenalty(assignment(), StudentQuality.Type.CourseTimeOverlap, StudentQuality.Type.FreeTimeOverlap, StudentQuality.Type.Unavailability) / model().getStudents().size()) + ",");
        } else {
            pw.print(df.format(((double) model().getDistanceConflict().getTotalNrConflicts(assignment())) / model().getStudents().size()) + ",");
            pw.print(df.format(5.0 * model().getTimeOverlaps().getTotalNrConflicts(assignment()) / model().getStudents().size()) + ",");
        }
        pw.print(df.format(get("[C] CPU Time").avg()) + ",");
        if (iSuggestions) {
            pw.print(df.format(get("[S] Probability that a class has suggestions [%]").avg()) + ",");
            pw.print(df.format(get("[S] Avg. # of suggestions").avg()) + ",");
            pw.print(df.format(get("[S] Suggestion acceptance rate [%]").avg()) + ",");
            pw.print(df.format(get("[S] Suggestion CPU Time").avg()));
        }
        pw.println();

        pw.flush();
        pw.close();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            System.setProperty("jprof", "cpu");
            ToolBox.configureLogging();

            DataProperties cfg = new DataProperties();
            cfg.setProperty("Neighbour.BranchAndBoundTimeout", "5000");
            cfg.setProperty("Suggestions.Timeout", "1000");
            cfg.setProperty("Extensions.Classes", DistanceConflict.class.getName() + ";" + TimeOverlapsCounter.class.getName());
            cfg.setProperty("StudentWeights.Class", StudentSchedulingAssistantWeights.class.getName());
            cfg.setProperty("StudentWeights.PriorityWeighting", "true");
            cfg.setProperty("StudentWeights.LeftoverSpread", "true");
            cfg.setProperty("StudentWeights.BalancingFactor", "0.0");
            cfg.setProperty("Reservation.CanAssignOverTheLimit", "true");
            cfg.setProperty("Distances.Ellipsoid", DistanceMetric.Ellipsoid.WGS84.name());
            cfg.setProperty("StudentWeights.MultiCriteria", "true");
            cfg.setProperty("CourseRequest.SameTimePrecise", "true");

            cfg.setProperty("Xml.LoadBest", "false");
            cfg.setProperty("Xml.LoadCurrent", "false");

            cfg.putAll(System.getProperties());

            final Test test = new Test(cfg);

            final File input = new File(args[0]);
            StudentSectioningXMLLoader loader = new StudentSectioningXMLLoader(test.model(), test.assignment());
            loader.setInputFile(input);
            loader.load();

            test.run();

            Solver<Request, Enrollment> s = new Solver<Request, Enrollment>(cfg);
            s.setInitalSolution(test.model());
            StudentSectioningXMLSaver saver = new StudentSectioningXMLSaver(s);
            File output = new File(input.getParentFile(), input.getName().substring(0, input.getName().lastIndexOf('.')) +
                    "-" + cfg.getProperty("run", "r0") + ".xml");
            saver.save(output);

            test.stats(input);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            sLog.error("Test failed: " + e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }

    private static class Counter {
        private double iTotal = 0.0, iMin = 0.0, iMax = 0.0, iTotalSquare = 0.0;
        private int iCount = 0;

        void inc(double value) {
            if (iCount == 0) {
                iTotal = value;
                iMin = value;
                iMax = value;
                iTotalSquare = value * value;
            } else {
                iTotal += value;
                iMin = Math.min(iMin, value);
                iMax = Math.max(iMax, value);
                iTotalSquare += value * value;
            }
            iCount++;
        }

        int count() {
            return iCount;
        }

        double sum() {
            return iTotal;
        }

        double min() {
            return iMin;
        }

        double max() {
            return iMax;
        }

        double rms() {
            return (iCount == 0 ? 0.0 : Math.sqrt(iTotalSquare / iCount));
        }

        double avg() {
            return (iCount == 0 ? 0.0 : iTotal / iCount);
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return sDF.format(sum()) + " (min: " + sDF.format(min()) + ", max: " + sDF.format(max()) +
                    ", avg: " + sDF.format(avg()) + ", rms: " + sDF.format(rms()) + ", cnt: " + count() + ")";
        }
    }

}