001package org.cpsolver.ifs.example.csp;
002
003import java.util.ArrayList;
004import java.util.List;
005import java.util.Map;
006import java.util.Random;
007
008import org.cpsolver.ifs.assignment.Assignment;
009import org.cpsolver.ifs.model.Constraint;
010import org.cpsolver.ifs.model.Model;
011import org.cpsolver.ifs.util.DataProperties;
012
013
014/**
015 * Random Binary CSP with kernels. <br>
016 * <br>
017 * This class only implements the generation of Structured CSP problem.<br>
018 * In Structured CSP, variables are divided into several kernels (some variables
019 * may remain ouside kernels). Different constraints (in density and tightnes)
020 * are generated according to whether variables are from the same kernel or not. <br>
021 * <br>
022 * Model parameters: <br>
023 * <table border='1'><caption>Related Solver Parameters</caption>
024 * <tr>
025 * <th>Parameter</th>
026 * <th>Type</th>
027 * <th>Comment</th>
028 * </tr>
029 * <tr>
030 * <td>CSP.NrVariables</td>
031 * <td>{@link Integer}</td>
032 * <td>Number of variables</td>
033 * </tr>
034 * <tr>
035 * <td>CSP.DomainSize</td>
036 * <td>{@link Integer}</td>
037 * <td>Number of values for each variable</td>
038 * </tr>
039 * <tr>
040 * <td>CSP.NrKernels</td>
041 * <td>{@link Integer}</td>
042 * <td>Number of kernels</td>
043 * </tr>
044 * <tr>
045 * <td>CSP.KernelSize</td>
046 * <td>{@link Integer}</td>
047 * <td>Number of variables in each kernel</td>
048 * </tr>
049 * <tr>
050 * <td>CSP.Tightness</td>
051 * <td>{@link Double}</td>
052 * <td>Tightness of constraints outside kernels</td>
053 * </tr>
054 * <tr>
055 * <td>CSP.KernelTightness</td>
056 * <td>{@link Double}</td>
057 * <td>Tightness of constraints inside a kernel</td>
058 * </tr>
059 * <tr>
060 * <td>CSP.Density</td>
061 * <td>{@link Double}</td>
062 * <td>Density of constraints outside kernels</td>
063 * </tr>
064 * <tr>
065 * <td>CSP.KernelDensity</td>
066 * <td>{@link Double}</td>
067 * <td>Density of constraints inside a kernel</td>
068 * </tr>
069 * <tr>
070 * <td>General.MPP</td>
071 * <td>{@link String}</td>
072 * <td>Minimal perturbation problem &rarr; generate initial assignment</td>
073 * </tr>
074 * </table>
075 * <br>
076 * 
077 * @author  Tomáš Müller
078 * @version IFS 1.3 (Iterative Forward Search)<br>
079 *          Copyright (C) 2006 - 2014 Tomáš Müller<br>
080 *          <a href="mailto:muller@unitime.org">muller@unitime.org</a><br>
081 *          <a href="http://muller.unitime.org">http://muller.unitime.org</a><br>
082 * <br>
083 *          This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
084 *          it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
085 *          published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the
086 *          License, or (at your option) any later version. <br>
087 * <br>
088 *          This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
089 *          WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
090 *          MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
091 *          Lesser General Public License for more details. <br>
092 * <br>
093 *          You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
094 *          License along with this library; if not see
095 *          <a href='http://www.gnu.org/licenses/'>http://www.gnu.org/licenses/</a>.
096 */
097public class StructuredCSPModel extends Model<CSPVariable, CSPValue> {
098    private static org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger sLogger = org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager.getLogger(StructuredCSPModel.class);
099    private DataProperties iProperties = null;
100
101    /** Constructor 
102     * @param properties solver configuration
103     * @param seed random seed
104     **/
105    public StructuredCSPModel(DataProperties properties, long seed) {
106        iProperties = properties;
107        generate(seed);
108    }
109
110    private void swap(CSPVariable[][] allPairs, int first, int second) {
111        CSPVariable[] a = allPairs[first];
112        allPairs[first] = allPairs[second];
113        allPairs[second] = a;
114    }
115
116    private void buildBinaryConstraintGraph(List<CSPVariable> variables, List<CSPBinaryConstraint> constraints,
117            Random rnd) {
118        int numberOfAllPairs = variables.size() * (variables.size() - 1) / 2;
119        CSPVariable[][] allPairs = new CSPVariable[numberOfAllPairs][];
120        int idx = 0;
121        for (CSPVariable v1 : variables) {
122            for (CSPVariable v2 : variables) {
123                if (v1.getId() >= v2.getId())
124                    continue;
125                allPairs[idx++] = new CSPVariable[] { v1, v2 };
126            }
127        }
128        for (idx = 0; idx < constraints.size(); idx++) {
129            swap(allPairs, idx, idx + (int) (rnd.nextDouble() * (numberOfAllPairs - idx)));
130        }
131        idx = 0;
132        for (CSPBinaryConstraint c : constraints) {
133            c.addVariable(allPairs[idx][0]);
134            c.addVariable(allPairs[idx][1]);
135            idx++;
136        }
137    }
138
139    private void buildBinaryConstraintGraph2(List<CSPVariable> variables, int numberOfAllPairs,
140            List<CSPBinaryConstraint> constraints, Random rnd) {
141        CSPVariable[][] allPairs = new CSPVariable[numberOfAllPairs][];
142        int idx = 0;
143        for (CSPVariable v1 : variables) {
144            for (CSPVariable v2 : variables) {
145                if (v1.getId() >= v2.getId())
146                    continue;
147                if (v1.getKernelId() >= 0 && v1.getKernelId() == v2.getKernelId())
148                    continue;
149                allPairs[idx++] = new CSPVariable[] { v1, v2 };
150            }
151        }
152        for (idx = 0; idx < constraints.size(); idx++) {
153            swap(allPairs, idx, idx + (int) (rnd.nextDouble() * (numberOfAllPairs - idx)));
154        }
155        idx = 0;
156        for (CSPBinaryConstraint c : constraints) {
157            c.addVariable(allPairs[idx][0]);
158            c.addVariable(allPairs[idx][1]);
159            idx++;
160        }
161    }
162
163    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
164    private void generate(long seed) {
165        int nrVariables = iProperties.getPropertyInt("CSP.NrVariables", 60);
166        int nrValues = iProperties.getPropertyInt("CSP.DomainSize", 15);
167        int nrKernels = iProperties.getPropertyInt("CSP.NrKernels", 2);
168        int nrKernelVariables = iProperties.getPropertyInt("CSP.KernelSize", 8);
169
170        int nrPairValues = nrValues * nrValues;
171        float tightnessPerc = iProperties.getPropertyFloat("CSP.Tightness", 0.01f);
172        float kernelTightnessPerc = iProperties.getPropertyFloat("CSP.KernelTightness", 0.097f);
173        int nrCompatiblePairs = (int) Math.round((1.0 - tightnessPerc) * nrPairValues);
174        int kernelNrCompatiblePairs = (int) Math.round((1.0 - kernelTightnessPerc) * nrPairValues);
175
176        int nrPairVariables = (nrVariables * (nrVariables - 1)) / 2;
177        int nrPairKernelVariables = (nrKernelVariables * (nrKernelVariables - 1)) / 2;
178        nrPairVariables -= nrKernels * nrPairKernelVariables;
179        float densityPerc = iProperties.getPropertyFloat("CSP.Density", 0.01f);
180        float densityKernelPerc = iProperties.getPropertyFloat("CSP.KernelDensity", 0.097f);
181        int density = Math.round(densityPerc * nrPairVariables);
182        int kernelDensity = Math.round(densityKernelPerc * nrPairKernelVariables);
183
184        Random rnd = new Random(seed);
185        List<CSPVariable> generalVariables = new ArrayList<CSPVariable>(nrVariables - (nrKernels * nrKernelVariables));
186        int varId = 1;
187        for (int i = 0; i < nrVariables - (nrKernels * nrKernelVariables); i++) {
188            CSPVariable var = new CSPVariable(varId++, nrValues);
189            generalVariables.add(var);
190            addVariable(var);
191        }
192        sLogger.debug("Created " + generalVariables.size() + " general variables.");
193        List<CSPVariable>[] kernelVariables = new ArrayList[nrKernels];
194        for (int k = 0; k < nrKernels; k++) {
195            kernelVariables[k] = new ArrayList<CSPVariable>(nrKernelVariables);
196            for (int i = 0; i < nrKernelVariables; i++) {
197                CSPVariable var = new CSPVariable(varId++, nrValues, k);
198                kernelVariables[k].add(var);
199                addVariable(var);
200            }
201            if (k == 0)
202                sLogger.debug("Created " + kernelVariables[0].size() + " kernel variables (per kernel).");
203        }
204        sLogger.debug("Created " + variables().size() + " variables at total.");
205        int constId = 1;
206        List<CSPBinaryConstraint> generalConstraints = new ArrayList<CSPBinaryConstraint>(density);
207        for (int i = 0; i < density; i++) {
208            CSPBinaryConstraint c = new CSPBinaryConstraint(constId++, nrCompatiblePairs);
209            generalConstraints.add(c);
210            addConstraint(c);
211        }
212        sLogger.debug("Created " + generalConstraints.size() + " general constraints (tightness=" + tightnessPerc
213                + ").");
214        List<CSPBinaryConstraint>[] kernelConstraints = new List[nrKernels];
215        for (int k = 0; k < nrKernels; k++) {
216            kernelConstraints[k] = new ArrayList<CSPBinaryConstraint>(kernelDensity);
217            for (int i = 0; i < kernelDensity; i++) {
218                CSPBinaryConstraint c = new CSPBinaryConstraint(constId++, kernelNrCompatiblePairs);
219                kernelConstraints[k].add(c);
220                addConstraint(c);
221            }
222            if (k == 0)
223                sLogger.debug("Created " + kernelConstraints[0].size() + " kernel constraints (per kernel, tightness="
224                        + kernelTightnessPerc + ").");
225        }
226        sLogger.debug("Created " + constraints().size() + " constraints at total.");
227
228        for (int k = 0; k < nrKernels; k++) {
229            buildBinaryConstraintGraph(kernelVariables[k], kernelConstraints[k], rnd);
230        }
231        buildBinaryConstraintGraph2(variables(), nrPairVariables, generalConstraints, rnd);
232
233        for (Constraint<CSPVariable, CSPValue> c : constraints()) {
234            CSPBinaryConstraint constraint = (CSPBinaryConstraint) c;
235            constraint.init(rnd);
236        }
237
238        if (iProperties.getPropertyBoolean("General.MPP", false)) {
239            for (CSPVariable variable : variables()) {
240                variable.generateInitialValue(rnd);
241            }
242        }
243    }
244
245    /** Return information table */
246    @Override
247    public Map<String, String> getInfo(Assignment<CSPVariable, CSPValue> assignment) {
248        Map<String, String> ret = super.getInfo(assignment);
249        ret.put("Solution value", String.valueOf(getTotalValue(assignment)));
250        return ret;
251    }
252}